Publisher's Synopsis
Chlorine has been used in the treatment of drinking water in the United States since 1908. Since the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 and its amendments, utilities around the country have made changes to their disinfection strategies to meet more stringent regulations for either microbial contaminants or disinfection by-products (DBPs). Specifically, utilities have investigated and implemented the use of alternatives to chlorine. Consequently, ozone and chlorine dioxide have been tested and applied at treatment plants for primary disinfection, and the use of chloramines has increased for secondary disinfection.