Publisher's Synopsis
The upgrading of water and wastewater systems will be a major task for the world for the next few decades. To date upgrading has too often tended to mean 'mirror image extensions' of existing plants without appropriate evaluation of alternative possibilities. But to meet the demand for better water quality, improved performance, higher capacities, lower operational costs and to take advantage of technological advances a systematic approach to upgrading strategy must be implemented. This was the motivating force of the Kalmar conference.the papers presented at Kalmar, 32 have been selected for these proceedings. They concern many aspects of water and wastewater treatment: strategic and managerial, supply and sewerage, municipal and industrial, monitoring and control, nutrient removal etc. However the same basic principles applied throughout: careful characterisation and evaluation of pre-existing plant as part of a system, leading to a well informed choice of technology, giving the best chance of successful long-term performance. These papers are rigorously based but resolutely practical, and these proceedings will be an extremely valuable resource for any engineer, consultant, plan designer or manager with a role in the upgrading or modernisation of any water or wastewater system.
