An Introduction to Z.

Z is a model-based formal specification language devised by Jean-Raymond Abrial and developed by the Programming Reseach Group at Oxford University. It is claimed that specification in such a language is easier for the non-scientist since one models real-world entities directly using relatively simple mathematical objects. Set theory forms the mathematical foundation for Z. One of its advantages is that its semantics have been formally defined, offering a degree of of rigour to software engineering projects. A major advantage of Z as a language for specifying medium to large-sized systems is its in-built schema calculus, which provides a mechanism for easily decomposing specifications into smaller, more manageable units, thereby giving a modular property. Companies such as IBM, Inmos and British Telecom, as well as the Ministry of Defence, all use Z to some degree.

This introductory book is a tutorial containing everything needed to be able to understand most Z specifications. It covers only those aspects of notation and mathematics which are directly relevant to understanding Z at this level.

Set theory; logic; building Z specifications; relations; functions; sequences; bags; advanced Z; case study; answers to exercises.

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