Soils

For Introduction to Soil Science, Environmental Science, and Land Use Management courses at the undergraduate level. This text provides a fresh look at soil science. The goal is to help students understand the parts that contribute to the whole soil individual and then appreciate how those parts function together. It begins by assembling the parts (solid, liquid and gas phases) of a soil, followed by explaining the interactions among the parts. Subsequently, genesis, classification, and interpretation of soil properties are explained. The "building the pedon"* concept introduced in the first edition is continued in this latest edition. This edition also has a "western" perspective that emphasizes water management. *Pedon:"3-dimensional body of soil with lateral dimensions large enough to contain all soil properties."

ISBN 0131190199   Pages 464 ISBN13 9780131190191 (What's this?)   Volumes 1 Publisher Pearson Education (US)   Weight (grammes) 826 Imprint Prentice Hall   Published in Upper Saddle River Format Paperback   Previous ISBN 9780130278258 Publication date 22 Jun 2005   Height (mm) 254 Library of Congress 2005043002   Width (mm) 203 DEWEY 631.4   Spine width (mm) 18 DEWEY edition DC22   Academic level Professional / Scholarly

1. Introduction. Soil. What Is Soil? How Do Soils Form? Minerals and Organic Matter. Size and Organization of Particles. Soil Pores. Surface Reactions and Transfer Processses. Soil as an Ecosystem. Soil Morphology. Soil Formation. Soil Classification. Soil Taxonomy. Soil Series. Soil Management. Summary. Questions. 2. Solids and Pores. Particle Sizes. The Coarse Fraction. The Fine-Earth Fraction. Soil Texture. Particle Size Analysis. Particle Arrangement. Aggregate Shape. Aggregate Size. Aggregate Grade. Mode of Formation. Soil Minerals. General Properties. Silicate Minerals of Sand and Silt. Minerals of the Clay Fraction. Soil Organic Matter and Humus. Coarse Organic Materials. Colloidal Fraction. Soil Color and Consistence. Pores. Summary. Questions. Further Reading. Web Resources. Supplement 2-1: Additional Particle Size Classifications and Methods to Display Data. Supplement 2-2: Stokes' Law. Supplement 2-3: Mineral Formulas and Structures. Supplement 2-4: Charge in Ions. 3. Liquids and Gases. Soil Air. Composition. Air Movement. Air-Water Relationships. Porosity. Bulk Density and Void Ratio. Soil Water. Characteristics of Water. Pore Water Composition. Soil Water Amounts. Soil-Liquid Interactions. Ion Exchange. Specific Adsorption Reactions. Weak Sorption Reactions. Organic Chemicals and Their Adsorption. Nonpolar Substances. Polar Nonionic Substances. Adsorption Isotherms. Pore Retention. Summary. Questions. Further Reading. Supplement 3-1: Measuring CEC. Supplement 3-2: Example CEC Calculations. Supplement 3-3: pH. Supplement 3-4: Partial Pressure and Gas Solubility. Supplement 3-5: Measuring Bulk Density. Supplement 3-6: Organic Electrolytes. 4. Soil Climate. Sunshine: Irradiation and Heating. Radiant Energy. Radiant Heating and Heat Dissipation. Movement of Heat through Soil and Other Media. Conduction (Diffusive Transfer). Heat Capacity, Conductivity, and Temperature Gradients. Turbulence and Heat Flow in Air and Water. Principles in Action: Controlling Soil Climates. Summary of Principles. Seasonal and Geographic Variations in Soil Climate. Management of Soil Temperature. Summary. Questions. Further Reading. Supplement 4-1: Forms of Radiation. Supplement 4-2: Movement of Heat, Water, Gases, and Solutes. 5. Water in the Soil-Plant System. Water Storage in Soil. Water Retention and Capacity. Water Content and Water Potential. Modes of Water Movement. Vapor Flow and Liquid Flow. Saturated and Unsaturated Liquid Flow in Soil. Water Flow in Stratified Soils. Preferential Flow. Principles of Water Movement. Forces That Move Water. Water Potential and Water Movement. Factors Affecting Water Potentials. Potential Differences and Gradients. Constraints to Water Movement. Conductivity in Soil. Conductivity in Soil-Plant Systems. Water Stress in Plants. Evapotranspiration. Factors Controlling Evaporation and Transpiration. Measurement of Water Use. Summary. Questions. Further Reading. Supplement 5-1: Capillarity. 6. Managing Soil Water. Water Management Concepts. Nonirrigated Land. Irrigated Agriculture. Water Extraction and Infiltration Patterns. Extraction by Plants. Infiltration. Irrigation Methods. Flood and Furrow Irrigation. Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation. Drainage. Water Use Efficiency. Biomass-Transpiration Ratio. Biomass-Evapotranspiration Ratio. Growth per Unit of Water Applied (or Available). Yield Efficiency and Economic Efficiency. Summary. Questions. Further Reading. 7. Soil Organisms. Soil Communities. Kinds of Organisms in Soil. Proliferation, Spread, and Survival. Requirements and Adaptations of Microbes. Large Organisms. Plants and Their Roots. Soil Animals. Soil Microorganisms. Protozoa and Algae. Nematodes. Fungi. Bacteria (Monera). Viruses. Constraints and Adaptations. Physical Constraints. Acidity, Salinity, and Other Chemical Inhibitors. Nutritional Constraints: Nitrogen

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